Category Archives: SDR

RTLSDR the $9 Realtek SDR dongle

Introducing ScanEyes

What is ScanEyes?

ScanEyes is a PHP web front end for visualizing, listening to, and archiving trunked radio traffic.

It allows user registration, permissions, and playlist creation.

screen

sdrscan viewed from a mobile device

conbined pic

Talkgroup browse mode

Screen Shot 2014-05-21 at 1.03.16 AM

Number of calls in a 24 hour period chart

Screen Shot 2014-05-21 at 12.59.35 AM

Screen Shot 2014-05-21 at 12.54.13 AM Admin control panel, log section

Screen Shot 2014-05-21 at 12.54.38 AM

App config of AdminCP

fakescanner

Fake scanner interface

Problem, Objective and Solution

Problem
  • A new radio system is being deployed in my city. New talkgroups pop up every day, need a way of logging them for review later so I can identify the unknown ones and submit the info (X City Police Dept) into the RadioReference Database
  • A means to record police dispatch calls in my city, so I can recall them when my local news paper publishes their “police blotter” section.
Objective
  • Program a script that records the calls so I can listen them to later, a pretty web interface is optional
Solution

How it works

Two essential pieces of software were written by me. LogRecorder (Available here) and the main ScanEyes application

The ScanEyes application is run in Apache with PHP without the need for a SQL server.

LogRecorder is a PHP script that runs in php-cli.exe (no web server) It polls sdrsharptrunking.log for file changes every 150ms and spawns an audio recorder if an active talkgroup is picked up by Unitrunker.

LogRecorder tells sox.exe to write an mp3 file containing call audio to a specific folder ‘YYYY/MM/DD/UNIXTIMESTAMP_TGID_TGNAME_RID_RNAME.mp3’

EverythingSearch by Void Tools indexes these files and when a user queries ScanEyes, the query is sent to es.exe with the search term. The resulting data is manipulated into various tables and charts.

Here is a diagram of the entire setup, including extra features I’ve built into the server for, for example, streaming live audio with low latency. This entire setup runs at about 7% total CPU utilization for a Core i5 4670K during idle. Main culprits for CPU usage are SDRSharp, 5%; and Unitrunker, 2%.

SDR flow diagram

There are two pieces of hardware in this setup, two SDR dongles. One talks to Unitrunker, another talks to SDRSharp.

Beginners explanation of trunked radio

Unitrunker listens to the control channel and gives a birds eye view of the entire radio system. It shows all the talkgroups on the radio system (Talkgroups are like virtual channels, unlike traditional analog radio, talkgroups are not bound to a particular frequency, rather grouped into a pool with other channels, sharing or competing for a group of frequencies. When an officer keys up their trunked radio, the voice signal can be on any voice channel defined by the control channel. The control channel tells all the other radios what talkgroup to listen to)

Unitrunker has plugins that allow remote tuning of the active control channel. By default, every talkgroup has the same priority, so it’s first come first serve. Unitrunker has 2 features, priority, and lockout. Lockout mutes the talkgroup so it is never listened to, and priority gives a talkgroup more priority over others. Useful for example, when you want to hear SWAT traffic over FD traffic.

remote.dll is a plugin that writes the current listening talkgroup to a file. SDRSharp is a piece of software that acts as a virtual radio, you can tune it to what ever frequency you want, and it will communicate with the second SDR to receive radio signals.

SDRSharp has a plugin that listens to remote.dll. This way, unitrunker can tell SDRSharp what channel to listen to, to get voice out. SDRSharp will then output this sound to a virtual audio cable. Virtual audio cables act as pipelines for audio from one program to another. In this case, we are taking the audio from SDRSharp, and putting it into our digital voice program.

P25 is a radio communications protocol that usually carries voice traffic. If you were to listen to P25 straight from the speaker, you would not hear voice, but digital noises like this. These noises can be decoded into regular voice by a program called DSD. All DSD needs is an input and output audio device and you’ll get clean listenable audio.

Other info

Listenable talkgroups along with all data is set through unitrunker, locking out a talkgroup causes LogRecorder to not record the call in the first place.

User and talkgroup prototype feature in unitrunker allows a user to prioritize newly added talkgroups, or lock them out, if only known talkgroups want to be logged.

Features

Responsive design works on tablets, phones as well as desktop browsers
Playlist Creation
  • Users can create playlists to share via email, reddit, G+, or Facebook.
  • The playlist URL contains a gzipped encoded call ID (no DB required)
  • When playlists are called, every file is played back in chronological order
  • Example playlist from a May 12th storm in my city
User permission levels
  • 0: Peon – no browse access
  • 1: Regular user – Configured default user, can browse and create playlist
  • 2: Streamer – Can do all above and listen to live radio stream
  • 3: General Admin – Can delete calls, restart programs, delete/modify users and above
  • 4: Global Admin – All above and reconfigure program options
Access levels for guests
  • No access, browse or search (Admin access only)
  • Guest browse and search (default)
  • Guest browse, search and stream
Admin Control panel features
  • Full event log with file deletion logging, security breach logging, logins and logoffs
  • Restarting system services, DSD+, Unitrunker, SDR#, LogRecorder (planned)
  • File Deletion, and file not found handling for users trying to play back said file
  • File Renaming, updating all files to their latest definition (planned)
  • Configuration interface, skips the need to edit config.php manually
  • User modification, deletion, addition (planned)
User Control panel features
  • Change passwords (planned)
  • Notepad, for writing down useful call notes (planned)
  • Streaming (for privileged users)
Methods to access calls
  • Search (command based browsing planned TGID:1234 RID:1234 etc)
  • Day-by-day browse
Other misc features
  • salted, hashed passwords
  • Call timeline chart (shows number of calls per hour per talkgroup)
  • full context searching, click a radio ID or talkgroup ID to do an “all encompassing search” against it
  • fake scanner (skeuomorphic BCD536HP scanner)
Other Planned features
  • Problem alerting, no recorded calls in X amount of time
  • High traffic alerting, something important happening
  • HTTPS support

Limitations

  • ScanEyes uses files instead of a traditional database. This may cause issues with large amounts of user accounts (this is on the bug list)
  • Limitations provided by Unitrunker, SDR#, and remote.dll only allow LogRecorder to record 1 call at a time. There can’t be simultaneous recording of more than 2 talkgroups at once.
  • Playlist playback page load is slow, 100ms/call
  • EDACS support is untested

System Requirements

System requirements, a.k.a. everything needed to listen to and record trunked radio calls.

This system has been tested on an Intel Core i5 4670K and 2x Intel Xeon X5355. It is untested on AMD processors

  • CPU: 2nd Generation Intel Core i5 Desktop processor
  • Memory: 4GB DDR3
  • Disk: 500MB Disk (SSD recommended)

Licensing

I’ve decided not to open source my work until an experienced PHP developer can review my code from a security standpoint. I’ve taken all possible measures to deter hackers, focusing mainly on input sanitization. That said. If you find anything on sdrscan.com, I’ll pay you via paypal to report these vulnerabilities to me.

Until then, I will allow other users(persons) to run this software provided that they don’t share it, or use my code elsewhere without my permission. Also, I doubt this will ever happen, but if a company would like this software, you can contact me directly.

As it stands right now, this software uses licensing servers with key validation.

Final thoughts

This was my first large scale PHP project. I’ve learned a lot along the way, which has caused some code discrepancies. For example not having a database out of pure laziness to learn MySQL. As I learn new things, I will begin to incorporate or update those features.

Tips for using SDR#

Intro

  • When you are using SDR# you are looking at a chunk of radio spectrum. Standard radios only have the ability to process one signal at a time, you now have the ability to not only hear, but also see the signals.

 Sample Rates

  • Your sample rate is your bandwidth. If you only want to see 1MHz of spectrum, choose 1.0MSPS. Higher sample rates above 2.4MSPS are not recommended
  • sample rate

 Interference

  • Interference from very strong signals will show up as mirrors that run in the opposite direction of the actual signal or only appear at the edge of the screen.
  • oposite
  • disappear center

 

  • Interference from very strong signals will show up at intervals corresponding to your MSPS rate
    • If you have a signal at 100MHz, and your sample rate is 1MSPS
      • You will see a duplicated signal at 101MHz, 99MHz, 98MHz, and 102MHz.
    • If you have a signal at 100MHz, and your sample rate is 2MSPS
      • You will see a duplicated signal at 98MHz, 96MHz, 102MHz, and 104MHz.

 The two display methods of SDR#

  • What is the FFT and Waterfall?
    • FFT: Top half of the screen
    • Waterfall: Bottom half of the screen

 How to enter frequencies into SDR#

  • Frequency entry
    • Type it into the VFO
    • typing
    • Click on the bottom or top half of a number
    • updown
    • Drag the waterfall or FFT
    • dragging
    • Use your scroll wheel

 Eliminating the center signal spike

  • If you want to get rid of that DC spike in the center, enable Correct IQ
  • correctiq

 Decoding digital tips

  • For decoding digital signals
    • max out the volume, use WFM, change frequency step to 6.25KHz, and change the bandwidth to fit perfectly around the signal’s envelope.
    • env
    • Set your sample rate to .900000001 MSPS (I personally have had the best results with this)
    • Also uncheck the filter audio box, chances are, your application will want a clean signal coming from SDR# to decode digital data properly.

 Decreasing latency

  • If you are decoding time sensitive information (Trunked radio decoding), turn down your audio latency so it is low enough to where the audio doesn’t pop from buffer underruns, but is fast enough so that the beginning of conversations aren’t cut off.
  • audio digital

 Keeping things organized

  • If you are going to be using your SDR for multiple uses, like HF, VHF, and Digital. Duplicate your SDR# folder for each instance. This will save configuration time, so you won’t have to change modulation, volume, or Gain every time you want to listen to different modes.
  • copies

 When to use AM

  • If you do not have an upconverter, there are only very few times you will use AM,SSB,USB,LSB,DSB,CW,or RAW. These include
    • Listening to Airband (120MHz)
    • Listening to CB Radio (26-27MHz)
    • 12 and 10meter ham bands (24-30MHz)
    • Low tech gadgets that run on 27 and 49MHz (RC Cars)
    • Remote controls that run on ~400MHz (Car door unlocks)
    • some low tech ISM devices 902-928MHz (home automation, weather sensors)
  • Otherwise use NFM or WFM

 Common interference in the home

  • If you use Wi-Fi or Ethernet in your home, you may see lots of interference in the 140-160MHz range, when browsing these ranges don’t use Tuner-AGC unless you have already locked onto a signal you want to listen to. If you are just browsing, keep the gain somewhat low to avoid overloading the device.

 AGC

  • When to use AGC
    • Use AGC when you are aware that checking the box may lead to visible interference, only use AGC when you are sure the frequency you are on, is the only signal you want to listen to.
  • Tuner-AGC seems to work better than RTL-AGC at picking signals out from noise

 Calibration

  • RTL-Calibration
    • Generally RTL sticks need calibration. If you are only listening to FM Radio, calibration probably isn’t needed, but for narrow and more precise signals, it is required.
    • It is recommended to wait several minutes before calibrating, when the temperature of the dongle warms up, the frequency could shift 4+ppm.
    • Calibration is calculated in ppm (parts per million) AKA Hertz per MHz
    • so, if your correction is 50ppm, a signal at 1,000,000Hz(1MHz), will be 1,000,050Hz(1.00005MHz)
    • Remember that this scales the higher in frequency you go. So at 900MHz, the correction will not be 900,000,000/900,000,050
    • It will be 900,045,000. At 900MHz, a difference of 45 KHz is huge, especially for narrow signals like voice.
    • When calibrating your dongle, always opt for using a higher frequency reference point.
    • Calibrating to a local NWS station (162MHz) is good, but calibrating to a local GSM tower, or trunked radio control channel is much preferred.
    • calibrate

 Getting a clearer picture

  • FFT Resolution
    • If you are listening to narrowband signals, it may be helpful to get a clearer view of the signals you are looking at.
    • fft res
  • When you first start using SDR# turn your contrast down to a level where:
    • no signal = blue
    • weak signal = light blue
    • med signal = orange
    • strong signal = red
    • Note, while gain controls how the signal is heard and viewed, contrast is only visual.
    • contrast

 

 

Log Recorder update

Log recorder has been updated to version 3.0

What does log recorder do?

  • Records each call from DSD for archival purposes
  • Logs each call in a database YYYY/MM/DD/UNIXtimestamp TGID RID.mp3

Changelog

  • rewritten in PHP
  • rewritten in preparation of the abandonment of SDR# in favor of Unitrunker
  • utilizes sdrsharptrunking.log instead of single.log, so SDR# doesn’t need to be run
  • Multiplatform (needs php5 and sox for Linux support)

Download

Eliminating interference in RTL-SDRs

I oftentimes see people asking why there is so much interference on their SDRs. Most visible interference is in fact not caused by real signals, but caused by the RTL dongle overloading.

Eliminating visible interference

The first to troubleshooting interference is turning off any type of AGC. AGC maxes out the gain slider which makes nearby strong signals to appear where they shouldn’t be.

37.2 dB is a good level

Turning on and off AGC, Manual Gain 37dB

Turning on and off AGC, Manual Gain 37dB

Change your sample rate. Understanding the sample rate is quite easy. 0.25 MSPS will only show 250khz of spectrum on your waterfall/FFT screen.

It isn’t recommended to use 0.25 MSPS because this can cause interference on frequencies every 250KHz. Take for example, a frequency on 850MHz and 850.250MHz. If you set your sample rate to 0.25MSPS, and either the signal is too close, or your gain is too high. Both 850MHz and 850.25 will mix causing bad decodes. The same can be found up to 10 iterations of 250KHz past the original signal. To see this, find a strong signal, set your gain high. Center it on your waterfall/FFT display, and increment the frequency by 1MHz. You will see the same signal every 1MHz, slowly decreasing in strength as you increase the frequency. Now use 2.048MSPS, you will notice mirrored interference every 2.048MHz

250KHz interference

250KHz interference, 929.6125 MHz signal

.9000001 MSPS is recommended for digital modes because it provides a small enough chunk of spectrum for visually inspecting the signal, and it doesn’t cause even overlaps. So instead of 849MHz, 849.5 849.75 interfering with 850MHz, interference will only occur every 900KHz, which has a lesser chance of overlapping interference.

How to eliminate real interference

Real interference is caused by any type of RFI near your SDR receiver. Simply moving the dongle and antenna away from the source of noise (computer, TV. AVR) will lower interference.

To go even further, you can add a ferrite core, or an RF shielded case around your SDR to block unwanted signals.

RTL-SDR Enclosure

 

RTL-SDR scanner/decoder/logger/recorder

A few months ago I wrote a simple script in batch that allowed me to record each call in MP3 format with the TGID, RID, date recorded, into a folder that contained the proper year/month/date.

It’s still a little buggy, there are much better ways of doing this.

But what I recently did was make a web front end to read the folders and files, then spit out a table with all the data.

Right now it’s not very efficient, but I plan on fixing that by migrating from, a loop that scans every file from a directory, to a database application. I’ll be using a program called Everything Search by Void Tools. I chose this because it has an extremely fast indexing engine and a command line interface.

This should speed up my page load times by a lot. With my current setup a query takes about 5 seconds, with a directory that has a month of calls, 26,000 files, and almost 1GB of file space taken. If I don’t make this change, page load times will only increase.

I hope to be done with this migration by the end of the week.

$20 trunking police scanner

This article was last updated on December 2013, this guide may be outdated now, Here is a link to a more recent guide

This article is meant to go with my video, but the video I have is older than the steps I show here. Follow this tutorial, but use my video if you want to know how specific programs work. (don’t follow the video, just watch it)

 

Note: Lots of things are changing rapidly in the areas of SDR, especially the $9 RTL-SDR’s So What I say today, could change tomorrow. That said, I will provide as much detail as I can, and will list the versions of software I use.

Requirements

Preface

You need to at least somewhat know how to work SDR# and UniTrunker. I suggest you play with some analog stuff and get familiar  with the UI before getting into advanced things, or else you’ll tear your hair out.

Rick (Developer of UniTrunker) has implemented RTL-SDR INTO his program, so we don’t have to use this setup in theory, The latest preview build of Unitrunker has RTLSDR tuning support built in (no need for SDR#) but audio decoding isn’t too great, I still suggest using the tutorial below.

Virtual Audio Cable uses lots of CPU resources, even if it doesn’t seem like it. It seems VAC works well on some machines, and bad on others. My latest videos show decoding being done on a desktop with a core i5 4670K. I know this setup works with my hardware, and you can replicate my build for ~$300(used). Decoding varies a lot from PC to PC, and is generally not recommended on PC’s older than 2008.

Lets go through how this setup works. Below is a picture to familiarize yourself with what’s happening. diagram

You have 2 USB Dongles with a (special)driver loaded that allows you to communicate directly with the chip inside the dongle. The chip controls the frequency at which you listen to. If you tune it to 100MHz for example, you’ll see the end of the FM broadcast band (87-108MHz)

SDRSharp and UniTrunker can utilize this driver to feed audio into their programs. When you listen to trunked audio, you have to have at least 2 receivers. One receiver is dedicated to listening to the control channel, the other listens to the voice channel. In this setup UniTrunker will listen to the control channel from SDR#1. Control Channels send data like, who’s talking, who joined the network, what the frequencies of the channels are, and how many channels there are. Control channels usually transmit 24/7, so they are easy to pick out in a waterfall display. Unitrunker reads this information into a nice window like this.

This window will only pop up when UniTrunker has detected a compatible radio systemScreen Shot 2013-12-06 at 5.21.41 AM

 

Now lets talk about DSD. All DSD does is listen to Virtual Audio Cable for audio it can decode. Think of Virtual Audio Cable as the pipes that send audio from one program to another.

SDRSharp gets its orders from a plugin “Zefie’s Mod”

Zefie’s Mod is a 2 part plugin, it requires the installation of VC++ REDIST. Part one emulates a radio interface in UniTrunker. This is shown here

Screen Shot 2013-12-06 at 6.18.47 AM

 

Part 1 is also known as remote.dll

Part 2 is a plugin for SDRSharp, It takes orders from remote.dll via a file called sdrsharptrunking.log. Sdrsharptrunking.log contains the current channel you should be listening to.

This is what the plugin looks like

Screen Shot 2013-12-06 at 6.21.52 AM

 

Unitrunker tells the debug receiver to listen to a channel, the debug receiver writes the file called sdrsharptrunking.log, Zefie’s Mod SDRSharp plugin listens for that file, and tells SDRSharp to change its frequency based on the file.

This is currently the only way to listen to the voice channel. In analog trunked systems, you can directly listen to the output audio without the use of DSD. But if your system uses P25 CAI you will need to decode the audio, otherwise you’ll just hear weird noises any time someone talks.

DSD is a program that decodes a number of digital voice protocols. It’s still experimental and has bugs. As of version 160 it does not support P25 Phase II, but support is currently being worked on here. By default, DSD is not very good at decoding audio, It tries to guess what type of signal it is receiving and sometimes its guesses cause the audio to break up. Command line switches are used to specify what type of signal it should be listening to. This will be discussed further, later on. DSD requires some DLL’s to work, and can only utilize the “default” audio in and output for Windows. The audio you hear out of DSD should be words that we can understand.

Getting Started

  • Go and grab SDRSharp from here.

Installing SDRSharp

  • This contains a batch file that will download some components required for the program.
  • When the batch finishes, go into the folder that contains zadig.exe, and rename the folder to “VOICE“. Make another folder to contain your voice folder called “SDR
  • Go ahead and right click “zadig.exe“, and run as Administrator

Loading the WinUSB driver

  • See my video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGMXG8e70-M @15:05-15:47
  • Select ‘Options>List all devices’
  • Look for a device called “Bulk-In, Interface (Interface 0)” There may be two
  • Select WinUSB as the target, and click “Install Driver
  • If the driver install fails (usually on Windows 8), Select “Edit Name“, Rename the device to “Interface” and try the install again.
  • Driver installation should be successful, Check the second Bulk-In and make sure the second device has its drivers installed too.
  • You may close zadig now.

Installing Virtual Audio Cable

  • You can purchase, or find an alternative to “Virtual Audio Cable”
  • Go through the setup for VAC and open the “Control Panel” (blue icon with yellow cables)
  • Under “Cable Parameters” set “SR” to “22050 … 192000” and “NC” to “1 … 1
  • We are lowering the fidelity of the cable to save CPU usage.
  • Click the “set” button
  • You may close Control Panel now.
  • Crossed out steps above have been found to be un-necessary.

Configuring Windows Sound

  • Right click on the speaker icon in the system tray
  • Click on “Playback Devices
  • click on the “Recording” tab
  • Double click on “Virtual Audio Cable”
  • In the “Advanced” tab, set the fidelity to “48,000hz , mono
  • Set the default recording device to “Virtual Audio Cable”
  • Click on the “Playback” tab
  • Double click on “Virtual Audio Cable”
  • In the “Advanced” tab, set the fidelity to “48,000hz , mono”

Using SDR# for the first time

  • RTL-SDR Dongles have a warm up period of 5-10 minutes. During this time there may be a frequency shift of 5PPM or more.
  • Please open SDR# and select RTL-SDR/USB
  • Press “Play” in the main window
  • Feel free to play with SDR# to become accustomed to the user interface.
  • You can change frequency by dragging on the FFT/Waterfall, by clicking on the top or bottom of numbers, or by putting your mouse cursor over the numbers, and typing a frequency in. Look for FM radio stations, or Weather radio stations nearby and see if you can listen to them, set your mode accordingly WFM for FM radio, NFM for everything else.
  • If you feel like you might mess up the software, feel free to make a copy and run that one instead.
  • Once you’re back- Calibration can be set by going into “Configure
  • Take note of how some settings may be locked, this is because you are currently running
  • Press “Stop” in the main window
  • Device” selects which RTL dongle you will use
  • Sample Rate” selects the amount of spectrum you will be able to see. Note that 2.8+ MSPS is not recommended due to audio cutouts, 0.25 is not recommended either due to interference.
  • Set this value to 0.900001 for optimal performance during trunking. Doing so will show 0.9MHz per fully zoomed out screen. Take note of how this correlates to the MSPS.
  • Tuner AGC” can help in situations where you need the best signal possible for long range listening, however it is not recommended for nearby systems due to the possibility of overloading the SDR and causing harmonics in the FFT/Waterfall.
  • RF Gain should be set to a maximum of 32.8dB to avoid overloading.

Initial Calibration

  • Under “Frequency Correction” you can set the amount of correction needed. If you don’t set this properly, your decodes will not sound as good as they should, or not come in at all.
  • The PPM varies by unit. Generally around 55-65 in R820T based dongles
  • To calibrate your tuner you can find a control channel on radioreference, and tune to it inside SDR#. (you can also calibrate using a known NOAA weather frequency)
  • Notice how changing the PPM slightly changes the frequency, zoom in to get a better look.
  • Do this for both SDR’s, switch using the “device” drop down menu
  • Be sure to remember your number, It will be needed for UniTrunker.

Installing UniTrunker

Installing Zefie’s Mod

  • See my video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGMXG8e70-M @12:10-13:40
  • Download Zefie’s Mod here here(updated to work with new build of SDR#)
  • move “remote.dll” into the “UniTrunker” folder, contained in the “SDR” folder
  • Move “SDRSharp.Trunker.dll” into the “VOICE” folder, contained in the “SDR” folder
  • Read the README, and add the following line to “SDRSharp.exe.Config” after the”sharpPlugins” tag
  • <add key="Trunker" value="SDRSharp.Trunker.TrunkerPlugin, SDRSharp.Trunker" />
  • Screen Shot 2013-12-08 at 1.44.17 AM
  • Save the file

Installing DSD

  • Download dsd160.exe from here
  • Rename dsd160.exe to dsd.exe
  • DSD depends on cygwin1.dll to run. Download the file here
  • Put cygwin1.dll and dsd.exe into the same folder
  • Name that folder DSD
  • Put the DSD folder into your SDR folder

Tour of UniTrunker

  • Open “uniform.exe
  • Select “First time install” and press “Ok”
  • Take note of the interface, this is the main window
  • Tabs at the bottom help you navigate
  • The tab labeled “Options” controls options for the entire program
  • The tab labeled “Receivers” lists the input/output devices you have for listening, or controlling. When configured properly, you will have 2 receivers. A “Signal” and a “Voice
  • Screen Shot 2013-12-08 at 1.57.14 AM
  • The tab labeled “Systems” will show all radio systems detected by the RTL-SDR
  • Screen Shot 2013-12-08 at 1.58.43 AM
  • Double clicking on the system will bring up a window that lists all RadioIDs, Talkgroups, frequency channels, transmitter sites, patches, as well as options for the specific system only.
  • Screen Shot 2013-12-08 at 2.00.38 AM

Installing prereq’s for Zefie’s plugin

  1. http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=30679
  2. http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=23691
  3. http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=26999
  4. http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=10986
  5. http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=26368
  6. http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=26347
  7. http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=7524

Adding a RTL device to UniTrunker (no video)

  • In the “Receivers” tab of the main window
  • Click the Screen Shot 2013-12-08 at 2.03.33 AM Icon.
  • Select RTL2832
  • Note: In practice, UniTrunker must always be opened before opening SDRSharp or the RTL device will not show up. If you currently have SDRSharp running, please close both UniTrunker, and SDRSharp, then open UniTrunker only.
  • Double clicking on the receiver will open the setting panel for the corresponding device.
  • In the “info” tab set the “RTL Device” to the second device on the list.
  • Set your “correction” to the PPM you had set from SDR# (e.g. 57.00000)
  • set “gain” to 300
  • checkmark “Auto Gain“,
  • Set your park frequency to the control channel frequency (e.g. 854.16250)
  • Start the receiver Screen Shot 2013-12-09 at 12.33.00 AM
  • If your dongle successfully found a control channel, a new window should pop up.

Troubleshooting the control channel (no video)

  • If you do not see a system pop up, follow these instructions
  • Go into the scope tab and look at the signal coming in.
  • If it is random and not uniform, you have not found a control channel
  • P25 Control channel example scope imageP25 system scope
  • Static, no signal scope image (seen at 21:35)Scope from static (no signal)
  • A way you can detect if you found a control channel is in the info tab
  • Screen Shot 2013-12-09 at 12.33.26 AM
  • This indicates a P25 signal, with a health of 99/100 was found, and is being decoded.
  • If you still see no systems, go into radioreference and try typing alternate control channels into the park frequency text box. See pic
  • Screen Shot 2013-12-09 at 12.39.06 AM copy
  • If you still can not find a control channel, try a different system, try a better antenna, or go close UniTrunker, Open SDR#, and manually browse for a control channel visually.
  • This is what a control channel looks like, move your cursor over that frequency and try that the next time you open UniTrunkersdrsharp

Downloading RadioReference Data

  • See my video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGMXG8e70-M @22:00-22:15
  • Now that you have detected a system in UniTrunker you can begin filling out, or downloading radioreference data.
  • Screen Shot 2013-12-09 at 12.53.06 AMThis is the download button, if you are a premium radioreference subscriber, you can enter your username and password, and UniTrunker will fetch the latest system info, system name, talkgroup names, etc.
  • Your frequency list should populate with channels like this.
  •  Screen Shot 2013-12-09 at 1.06.10 AM
  • If it does not, Screen Shot 2013-12-09 at 1.07.05 AM stop the R820T receiver, close the system window. and Screen Shot 2013-12-09 at 12.33.00 AM Start the receiver again.

Adding our debug receiver

  • See my video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGMXG8e70-M @31:30-32:24
  • UniTrunker can decode the control channel, we must now add a second receiver that will allow us to follow voice channels.
  • In the main UniTrunker Window, Add Screen Shot 2013-12-08 at 2.03.33 AMDebug receiver (the video shows a bit differently, follow this step instead)
  • Check the box which corresponds with the type of audio you want to listen to (P25/VSELP/ProVoice)
  • Now for some math. Take the average of your lowest and highest frequency channel. This is done to ensure that the time it takes for the SDR to switch channels is even. SDRs do take a few ms to change their frequency, and you want to have the lowest latency possible. This will vary by radio system, and needs to be changed when you want to listen to a new radio system.
  • For example: My highest frequency is 856.16250, and lowest is 854.1375. The average is 855.15. So I would put 855.15 into the box.
  • In the main window under options enable listen
  • Screen Shot 2013-12-09 at 2.51.16 AM
  • Press Screen Shot 2013-12-09 at 12.33.00 AM play on the debug receiver.
  • A new file should be created in ./SDR/UniTrunker called sdrsharptrunking.log
  • This is the file SDRSharp will read and follow, so we can get voice out of the program.
  • If you do not see sdrsharptrunking.log, you have not properly installed Visual C++ redist.

Following the Voice channel in SDR#(no video)

  • Now open SDRSharp in the SDR folder named VOICE
  • Press Start and duplicate my settings
  • Screen Shot 2013-12-09 at 1.20.28 AM
  • 1 2 right
  • Now we can configure the plugin
  • On the bottom of the left settings panel in SDRSharp there is a plugin called “Trunker (Plugin)
  • Click set and find the UniTrunker install directory.
  • Also set Single log file output to that same directory.
  • Click on show options and in the log style box, type %t %s
  • Set the Parked Str as NOCALL
  • Click save
  • Check both “enable” boxes
  • Your VFO should match the parked frequency (if there is no call)
  • Now, when a call appears, UniTrunker will direct the plugin to write sdrsharptrunking.log, which will get read by SDRSharp, and the audio coming out of SDRSharp can be listened to (on analog systems), or for digital, there will be just one more step.

Configuring and optimizing DSD

  • See my video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGMXG8e70-M @41:45-4:18
  • This is the final mandatory step in decoding P25 voice.
  • Download this batch file, and put it into the same folder with dsd.exe and cygwin1.dll
  • It will start DSD without having to open command prompt
  • Make sure your default audio output is still your sound card, and your input is the virtual audio cable
  • In most cases, this should work without problem
  • If you want to see what options are available in dsd.exe (to get better decodes) open a command prompt, navigate to the dsd folder, and type in ‘dsd.exe –help
  • Personally I use ‘dsd.exe -l -f1 -mc -u 9‘. But it varies by system.

Congratulations!

That’s it! You should be hearing audio coming from DSD.

Don’t forget you can set call priority and lockout in UniTrunker

Here are a couple extras

Extras

Programs for Streaming

I advise you to make only unlisted streams. I know I can’t stop you from making public streams, but If you like what you hear, and don’t want to lose it. Stay far away from streaming services that allow criminals to tune in. This is the number one reason why cities are going encrypted.

  • RadioFeed(Free)
  • Broadwave($)

Programs for recording 

  • Audacity – has a voice activated recording mode to save silence
  • Log Recorder – based on SOX, written in batch. Puts each conversation into a folder based upon the date, year, in chronological order. Outputs mp3’s named by their TG and RID. Highly configurable